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Wine definitions

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Webster's 1828 Dictionary

WINE, n. [Gr.]
1. The fermented juice of grapes; as the wine of the Madeira grape; the wine of Burgundy or Oporto.
2. The juice of certain fruits, prepared with sugar, spirits, etc.; as currant wine; gooseberry wine.
3. Intoxication.
Noah awoke from his wine. Genesis 9.
4. Drinking.
They that tarry long at the wine. Proverbs 23.
Corn and wine, in Scripture, are put for all kinds of necessaries for subsistence. Psalm.
Bread and wine, in the Lords supper, are symbols of the body and blood of Christ.

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2005)

n
1: fermented juice (of grapes especially) [syn: wine, vino]
2: a red as dark as red wine [syn: wine, wine-colored, wine-coloured] v
1: drink wine
2: treat to wine; "Our relatives in Italy wined and dined us for a week"

Merriam Webster's

I. noun Usage: often attributive Etymology: Middle English win, from Old English w?n; akin to Old High German w?n wine; both ultimately from Latin vinum wine, perhaps of non-Indo-European origin; akin to the source of Greek oinos wine Date: before 12th century 1. a. the alcoholic fermented juice of fresh grapes used as a beverage b. wine or a substitute used in Christian communion services 2. the alcoholic usually fermented juice of a plant product (as a fruit) used as a beverage <blackberry wine> 3. something that invigorates or intoxicates 4. a dark red II. verb (wined; wining) Date: 1829 intransitive verb to drink wine transitive verb to give wine to <wined and dined his friends>

Britannica Concise

Alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of grapes. Though known by the ancients, wine was not drunk in its matured form until the development of the bottle and cork in the late 17th cent. In wine manufacture, grapes are crushed and strained and the juice (called must) is sealed in vats along with yeast (Saccharomyees ellipsoideus) and often sulfur dioxide, which suppresses wild yeasts and organisms. Fermentation continues for several weeks, then the wine is drawn off ("racked") into wooden barrels or other containers for a second fermentation ("aging"). It is clarified and bottled before undergoing final maturation. Wines may be classified according to color as red, rosé (pink), or white; color depends on whether the skins of red grapes are allowed to ferment with the juice. Wine taste is described as sweet or dry, sweet wines being high in sugar content and dry wines containing little or no sugar. Sparkling wines, such as champagne, contain suspended carbon dioxide, the result of bottling the wine before fermentation is complete. Fortified wines, such as port and sherry, contain added brandy. The leading wine-producing countries are France, Italy, Germany, the U.S., Spain, Portugal, and Chile.

Oxford Reference Dictionary

n. & v. --n. 1 fermented grape-juice as an alcoholic drink. 2 a fermented drink resembling this made from other fruits etc. as specified (elderberry wine; ginger wine). 3 the dark-red colour of red wine. --v. 1 intr. drink wine. 2 tr. entertain to wine. Phrases and idioms: wine and dine entertain to or have a meal with wine. wine bar a bar or small restaurant where wine is the main drink available. wine bottle a glass bottle for wine, the standard size holding 75 cl or 26 2/3 fl. oz. wine box a square carton of wine with a dispensing tap. wine cellar 1 a cellar for storing wine. 2 the contents of this. wine-grower a cultivator of grapes for wine. wine list a list of wines available in a restaurant etc. wine-tasting 1 judging the quality of wine by tasting it. 2 an occasion for this. wine vinegar vinegar made from wine as distinct from malt. wine waiter a waiter responsible for serving wine. Derivatives: wineless adj. Etymology: OE win f. Gmc f. L vinum

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

Wine Wine, n. [OE. win, AS. win, fr. L. vinum (cf. Icel. v[=i]n; all from the Latin); akin to Gr. o'i^nos, ?, and E. withy. Cf. Vine, Vineyard, Vinous, Withy.] 1. The expressed juice of grapes, esp. when fermented; a beverage or liquor prepared from grapes by squeezing out their juice, and (usually) allowing it to ferment. ``Red wine of Gascoigne.'' --Piers Plowman. Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging, and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. --Prov. xx. 1. Bacchus, that first from out the purple grape Crushed the sweet poison of misused wine. --Milton. Note: Wine is essentially a dilute solution of ethyl alcohol, containing also certain small quantities of ethers and ethereal salts which give character and bouquet. According to their color, strength, taste, etc., wines are called red, white, spirituous, dry, light, still, etc. 2. A liquor or beverage prepared from the juice of any fruit or plant by a process similar to that for grape wine; as, currant wine; gooseberry wine; palm wine. 3. The effect of drinking wine in excess; intoxication. Noah awoke from his wine. --Gen. ix. 24. Birch wine, Cape wine, etc. See under Birch, Cape, etc. Spirit of wine. See under Spirit. To have drunk wine of ape or wine ape, to be so drunk as to be foolish. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Wine acid. (Chem.) See Tartaric acid, under Tartaric. [Colloq.] Wine apple (Bot.), a large red apple, with firm flesh and a rich, vinous flavor.

Collin's Cobuild Dictionary

(wines, wining, wined) Frequency: The word is one of the 1500 most common words in English. 1. Wine is an alcoholic drink which is made from grapes. You can also refer to alcoholic drinks made from other fruits or vegetables as wine. ...a bottle of white wine... This is a nice wine. N-MASS 2. Wine is used to describe things that are very dark red in colour. She wore her wine-coloured gaberdine raincoat. COLOUR 3. If you wine and dine, or if someone wines and dines you, you go out, for example to expensive restaurants, and spend a lot of money. Colleagues were furious at doing her work while she wined and dined... A lot of money went on wining and dining prospective clients. PHRASE: Vs inflect

Easton's Bible Dictionary

The common Hebrew word for wine is _yayin_, from a root meaning "to boil up," "to be in a ferment." Others derive it from a root meaning "to tread out," and hence the juice of the grape trodden out. The Greek word for wine is _oinos_, and the Latin _vinun_. But besides this common Hebrew word, there are several others which are thus rendered.

(1.) Ashishah (2 Sam. 6:19; 1 Chr. 16:3; Cant. 2:5; Hos. 3:1), which, however, rather denotes a solid cake of pressed grapes, or, as in the Revised Version, a cake of raisins.

(2.) 'Asis, "sweet wine," or "new wine," the product of the same year (Cant. 8:2; Isa. 49:26; Joel 1:5; 3:18; Amos 9:13), from a root meaning "to tread," hence juice trodden out or pressed out, thus referring to the method by which the juice is obtained. The power of intoxication is ascribed to it.

(3.) Hometz. See VINEGAR.

(4.) Hemer, Deut. 32:14 (rendered "blood of the grape") Isa. 27:2 ("red wine"), Ezra 6:9; 7:22; Dan. 5:1, 2, 4. This word conveys the idea of "foaming," as in the process of fermentation, or when poured out. It is derived from the root _hamar_, meaning "to boil up," and also "to be red," from the idea of boiling or becoming inflamed.

(5.) 'Enabh, a grape (Deut. 32:14). The last clause of this verse should be rendered as in the Revised Version, "and of the blood of the grape ['enabh] thou drankest wine [hemer]." In Hos. 3:1 the phrase in Authorized Version, "flagons of wine," is in the Revised Version correctly "cakes of raisins." (Comp. Gen. 49:11; Num. 6:3; Deut. 23:24, etc., where this Hebrew word is rendered in the plural "grapes.")

(6.) Mesekh, properly a mixture of wine and water with spices that increase its stimulating properties (Isa. 5:22). Ps. 75:8, "The wine [yayin] is red; it is full of mixture [mesekh];" Prov. 23:30, "mixed wine;" Isa. 65:11, "drink offering" (R.V., "mingled wine").

(7.) Tirosh, properly "must," translated "wine" (Deut. 28:51); "new wine" (Prov. 3:10); "sweet wine" (Micah 6:15; R.V., "vintage"). This Hebrew word has been traced to a root meaning "to take possession of" and hence it is supposed that tirosh is so designated because in intoxicating it takes possession of the brain. Among the blessings promised to Esau (Gen. 27:28) mention is made of "plenty of corn and tirosh." Palestine is called "a land of corn and tirosh" (Deut. 33:28; comp. Isa. 36:17). See also Deut. 28:51; 2 Chr. 32:28; Joel 2:19; Hos. 4:11, ("wine [yayin] and new wine [tirosh] take away the heart").

(8.) Sobhe (root meaning "to drink to excess," "to suck up," "absorb"), found only in Isa. 1:22, Hos. 4:18 ("their drink;" Gesen. and marg. of R.V., "their carouse"), and Nah. 1:10 ("drunken as drunkards;" lit., "soaked according to their drink;" R.V., "drenched, as it were, in their drink", i.e., according to their sobhe).

(9.) Shekar, "strong drink," any intoxicating liquor; from a root meaning "to drink deeply," "to be drunken", a generic term applied to all fermented liquors, however obtained. Num. 28:7, "strong wine" (R.V., "strong drink"). It is sometimes distinguished from wine, c.g., Lev. 10:9, "Do not drink wine [yayin] nor strong drink [shekar];" Num. 6:3; Judg. 13:4, 7; Isa. 28:7 (in all these places rendered "strong drink"). Translated "strong drink" also in Isa. 5:11; 24:9; 29:9; 56:12; Prov. 20:1; 31:6; Micah 2:11.

(10.) Yekebh (Deut. 16:13, but in R.V. correctly "wine-press"), a vat into which the new wine flowed from the press. Joel 2:24, "their vats;" 3:13, "the fats;" Prov. 3:10, "Thy presses shall burst out with new wine [tirosh];" Hag. 2:16; Jer. 48:33, "wine-presses;" 2 Kings 6:27; Job. 24:11.

(11.) Shemarim (only in plural), "lees" or "dregs" of wine. In Isa. 25:6 it is rendered "wines on the lees", i.e., wine that has been kept on the lees, and therefore old wine.

(12.) Mesek, "a mixture," mixed or spiced wine, not diluted with water, but mixed with drugs and spices to increase its strength, or, as some think, mingled with the lees by being shaken (Ps. 75:8; Prov. 23:30).

In Acts 2:13 the word _gleukos_, rendered "new wine," denotes properly "sweet wine." It must have been intoxicating.

In addition to wine the Hebrews also made use of what they called _debash_, which was obtained by boiling down must to one-half or one-third of its original bulk. In Gen. 43:11 this word is rendered "honey." It was a kind of syrup, and is called by the Arabs at the present day dibs. This word occurs in the phrase "a land flowing with milk and honey" (debash), Ex. 3:8, 17; 13:5; 33:3; Lev. 20:24; Num. 13: 27. (See HONEY.)

Our Lord miraculously supplied wine at the marriage feast in Cana of Galilee (John 2:1-11). The Rechabites were forbidden the use of wine (Jer. 35). The Nazarites also were to abstain from its use during the period of their vow (Num. 6:1-4); and those who were dedicated as Nazarites from their birth were perpetually to abstain from it (Judg. 13:4, 5; Luke 1:15; 7:33). The priests, too, were forbidden the use of wine and strong drink when engaged in their sacred functions (Lev. 10:1, 9-11). "Wine is little used now in the East, from the fact that Mohammedans are not allowed to taste it, and very few of other creeds touch it. When it is drunk, water is generally mixed with it, and this was the custom in the days of Christ also. The people indeed are everywhere very sober in hot climates; a drunken person, in fact, is never seen", (Geikie's Life of Christ). The sin of drunkenness, however, must have been not uncommon in the olden times, for it is mentioned either metaphorically or literally more than seventy times in the Bible.

A drink-offering of wine was presented with the daily sacrifice (Ex. 29:40, 41), and also with the offering of the first-fruits (Lev. 23:13), and with various other sacrifices (Num. 15:5, 7, 10). Wine was used at the celebration of the Passover. And when the Lord's Supper was instituted, the wine and the unleavened bread then on the paschal table were by our Lord set apart as memorials of his body and blood.

Several emphatic warnings are given in the New Testament against excess in the use of wine (Luke 21:34; Rom. 13:13; Eph. 5:18; 1 Tim. 3:8; Titus 1:7).

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