Adjacent Words

Sugar definitions

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Webster's 1828 Dictionary

SUGAR, n. SHUG'AR. [L. saccharum.]
1. A well known substance manufactured chiefly from the sugar cane, arundo saccharifera; but in the United States, great quantities of this article are made from the sugar maple; and in France, a few years since, it was extensively manufactured from the beet. The saccharine liquor is concentrated by boiling, which expels the water; lime is added to neutralize the acid that is usually present; the gresser impurities rise to the surface, and are separated in the form of scum; and finally as the liquor cools,the sugar separates from the melasses in grains. The sirup or melasses is drained off, leaving the sugar in the state known in commerce by the name of raw or muscovado sugar. This is farther purified by means of clay, or more extensively by bullocks' blood, which forming a coagulum, envelops the impurities. Thus clarified, it takes the names of lump, loaf, refined, etc. according to the different degrees of purification. Sugar is a proximate element of the vegetable kingdom, and is found in most ripe fruits and many farinaceous roots. By fermentation, sugar is converted into alcohol, and hence forms the basis of those substances which are used for making intoxicating liquors, as melasses, grapes, apples, malt, etc.
The ultimate elements of sugar are oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. Of all vegetable principles, it is considered by Dr. Rush as the most wholesome and nutritious.
2. A chimical term; as the sugar of lead.
SUGAR, v.t. SHUG'AR. To impregnate, season, cover, sprinkle or mix with sugar.
1. To sweeten.
But flattery still in sugar'd words betrays.
Sugar of lead, acetate of lead.

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2005)

n
1: a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative [syn: sugar, refined sugar]
2: an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain [syn: carbohydrate, saccharide, sugar]
3: informal terms for money [syn: boodle, bread, cabbage, clams, dinero, dough, gelt, kale, lettuce, lolly, lucre, loot, moolah, pelf, scratch, shekels, simoleons, sugar, wampum] v
1: sweeten with sugar; "sugar your tea" [syn: sugar, saccharify]

Merriam Webster's

I. noun Etymology: Middle English sugre, sucre, from Anglo-French sucre, from Medieval Latin zuccarum, from Old Italian zucchero, from Arabic sukkar, from Persian shakar, ultimately from Sanskrit ?arkar?; akin to Sanskrit ?arkara pebble — more at crocodile Date: 14th century 1. a. a sweet crystallizable material that consists wholly or essentially of sucrose, is colorless or white when pure tending to brown when less refined, is obtained commercially from sugarcane or sugar beet and less extensively from sorghum, maples, and palms, and is important as a source of dietary carbohydrate and as a sweetener and preservative of other foods b. any of various water-soluble compounds that vary widely in sweetness, include the monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, and typically are optically active 2. a unit (as a spoonful, cube, or lump) of sugar 3. a sugar bowl • sugarless adjective II. verb (sugared; sugaring) Date: 15th century transitive verb 1. to make palatable or attractive ; sweeten <a story sugared with romance> 2. to sprinkle or mix with sugar intransitive verb 1. to form or be converted into sugar 2. to become granular ; granulate 3. to make maple syrup or maple sugar

Oxford Reference Dictionary

n. & v. --n. 1 a sweet crystalline substance obtained from various plants, esp. the sugar cane and sugar beet, used in cookery, confectionery, brewing, etc.; sucrose. 2 Chem. any of a group of soluble usu. sweet-tasting crystalline carbohydrates found esp. in plants, e.g. glucose. 3 esp. US colloq. darling, dear (used as a term of address). 4 sweet words; flattery. 5 anything comparable to sugar encasing a pill in reconciling a person to what is unpalatable. 6 sl. a narcotic drug, esp. heroin or LSD (taken on a lump of sugar). --v.tr. 1 sweeten with sugar. 2 make (one's words, meaning, etc.) more pleasant or welcome. 3 coat with sugar (sugared almond). 4 spread a sugar mixture on (a tree) to catch moths. Phrases and idioms: sugar beet a beet, Beta vulgaris, from which sugar is extracted. sugar-candy see CANDY 1. sugar cane Bot. any perennial tropical grass of the genus Saccharum, esp. S. officinarum, with tall stout jointed stems from which sugar is made. sugar-coated 1 (of food) enclosed in sugar. 2 made superficially attractive. sugar-daddy (pl. -ies) sl. an elderly man who lavishes gifts on a young woman. sugar-gum Bot. an Australian eucalyptus, Eucalyptus cladocalyx, with sweet foliage eaten by cattle. sugar loaf a conical moulded mass of sugar. sugar-maple any of various trees, esp. Acer saccharum, from the sap of which sugar is made. sugar of lead Chem. = lead acetate (see LEAD(2)). sugar-pea a variety of pea eaten whole including the pod. sugar the pill see PILL. sugar soap an alkaline compound for cleaning or removing paint. Derivatives: sugarless adj. Etymology: ME f. OF çukre, sukere f. It. zucchero prob. f. med.L succarum f. Arab. sukkar

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

Sugar Sug"ar, n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp. az['u]car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. [,c]arkar[=a] sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.] 1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below. Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act on polarized light. 2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste. 3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.] Acorn sugar. See Quercite. Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See Sucrose. Diabetes, or Diabetic, sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus. Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose. Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See Dextrose, and Glucose. Invert sugar. See under Invert. Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See Maltose. Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite. Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose. Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also heart sugar. See Inosite. Pine sugar. See Pinite. Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, corn sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose, and Glucose. Sugar barek, one who refines sugar. Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them. Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry. Sugar bird (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera C[oe]reba, Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family C[oe]rebid[ae]. They are allied to the honey eaters. Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard. Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made. Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.] Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar. Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass (Saccharum officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar. Sugar loaf. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf. Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf? --J. Webster. Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum). See Maple. Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed. Sugar mite. (Zo["o]l.) (a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma. Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above. Sugar of milk. See under Milk. Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] --Bartlett. Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree (Pinus Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar. Sugar squirrel (Zo["o]l.), an Australian flying phalanger (Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under Phlanger. Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl. Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

Sugar Sug"ar, n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp. az['u]car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. [,c]arkar[=a] sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.] 1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below. Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act on polarized light. 2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste. 3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.] Acorn sugar. See Quercite. Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See Sucrose. Diabetes, or Diabetic, sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus. Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose. Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See Dextrose, and Glucose. Invert sugar. See under Invert. Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See Maltose. Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite. Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose. Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also heart sugar. See Inosite. Pine sugar. See Pinite. Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, corn sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose, and Glucose. Sugar barek, one who refines sugar. Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them. Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry. Sugar bird (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera C[oe]reba, Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family C[oe]rebid[ae]. They are allied to the honey eaters. Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard. Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made. Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.] Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar. Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass (Saccharum officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar. Sugar loaf. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf. Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf? --J. Webster. Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum). See Maple. Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed. Sugar mite. (Zo["o]l.) (a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma. Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above. Sugar of milk. See under Milk. Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] --Bartlett. Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree (Pinus Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar. Sugar squirrel (Zo["o]l.), an Australian flying phalanger (Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under Phlanger. Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl. Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

Sugar Sug"ar, v. i. In making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down the sirup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or reach the state of granulation; -- with the preposition off. [Local, U.S.]

Webster's 1913 Dictionary

Sugar Sug"ar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sugared; p. pr. & vb. n. Sugaring.] 1. To impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to mix sugar with. ``When I sugar my liquor.'' --G. Eliot. 2. To cover with soft words; to disguise by flattery; to compliment; to sweeten; as, to sugar reproof. With devotion's visage And pious action we do sugar o'er The devil himself. --Shak.

Collin's Cobuild Dictionary

(sugars, sugaring, sugared) Frequency: The word is one of the 3000 most common words in English. 1. Sugar is a sweet substance that is used to make food and drinks sweet. It is usually in the form of small white or brown crystals. ...bags of sugar... Ice cream is high in fat and sugar. N-UNCOUNT see also caster sugar, confectioners' sugar, demerara sugar, granulated sugar, icing sugar 2. If someone has one sugar in their tea or coffee, they have one small spoon of sugar or one sugar lump in it. How many sugars do you take? ...a mug of tea with two sugars. N-COUNT 3. If you sugar food or drink, you add sugar to it. He sat down and sugared and stirred his coffee. VERB: V n 4. Sugars are substances that occur naturally in food. When you eat them, the body converts them into energy. Plants produce sugars and starch to provide themselves with energy. N-COUNT: usu pl 5. to sugar the pill: see pill

Soule's Dictionary of English Synonyms

v. a. 1. Sweeten. 2. Compliment, flatter, sweeten.

Moby Thesaurus

ambrosia, angel, artificial sweetener, babe, baby, baby-doll, blackstrap, blunt, boodle, brass, bread, bucks, buttercup, cabbage, calcium cyclamate, candy, cane syrup, carbohydrate, cherub, chick, chickabiddy, chips, clover honey, comb honey, corn syrup, cyclamates, darling, dear, deary, dinero, doll, dough, duck, duckling, dulcify, edulcorate, edulcoration, gelt, gilt, glaze, grease, green, green stuff, hon, honey, honey bunch, honey child, honeycomb, honeydew, honeypot, hydroxy aldehyde, hydroxy ketone, jack, kale, lamb, lambkin, love, lover, maple syrup, mazuma, molasses, monosaccharide, moolah, mopus, mull, nectar, oil of palms, ointment, oof, ooftish, pet, petkins, polysaccharide, polysaccharose, precious, precious heart, rhino, rocks, saccharide, saccharification, saccharify, saccharin, scratch, shekels, simoleons, smash, snookums, sodium cyclamate, sorghum, spondulics, starch, stuff, stumpy, sugar off, sugar-making, sugarcoat, sugaring off, sweet, sweeten, sweetener, sweetening, sweetheart, sweetie, sweetkins, sweets, syrup, the needful, tin, treacle, trisaccharide, wampum